How does PHP interpret numeric literals with leading zeros and what potential issues can arise?

When PHP encounters numeric literals with leading zeros, it interprets them as octal (base 8) numbers. This can lead to unexpected results, especially when performing arithmetic operations or comparisons. To avoid this issue, you can explicitly convert the numeric literals to decimal using the `intval()` function. 

$number = '0123';
$decimalNumber = intval($number);
echo $decimalNumber; // Output: 123

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PHP numeric literals leading zeros interpretation potential issues

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