How does PHP handle error reporting and logging, and what are best practices for ensuring error messages are properly captured and displayed?

PHP handles error reporting and logging through the error_reporting and log_errors directives in the php.ini file. To ensure error messages are properly captured and displayed, it is recommended to set error_reporting to E_ALL to report all errors, enable logging by setting log_errors to On, and specify a file path for error logging using error_log.

// Set error reporting to report all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);

// Enable error logging
ini_set('log_errors', 'On');

// Specify a file path for error logging
ini_set('error_log', '/path/to/error.log');