How does normalizing a database table structure affect query complexity and performance in PHP applications using PDO?

Normalizing a database table structure can improve query complexity and performance in PHP applications using PDO by reducing redundancy and ensuring data integrity. By breaking down tables into smaller, related tables, queries can be more efficient and targeted, leading to faster execution times. Additionally, normalization can help prevent data anomalies and inconsistencies, resulting in more reliable and accurate data retrieval. 

// Example PHP code snippet to demonstrate normalization of a database table structure using PDO

// Connect to the database
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase", "username", "password");

// Create a new table for storing user information
$pdo->exec("CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT(11) AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
)");

// Create a separate table for storing user addresses
$pdo->exec("CREATE TABLE addresses (
    id INT(11) AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id INT(11),
    address VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    city VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    state VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    zip_code VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
)");

Keywords

database normalization table structure query complexity performance PDO

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