How does MySQL handle case sensitivity in queries when not explicitly specified?

MySQL by default is case-insensitive when it comes to comparing strings in queries. This means that if the case of the string values in the database does not match the case in the query, the comparison will still return a match. To enforce case sensitivity in queries, you can use the BINARY keyword before the column name to make the comparison case-sensitive.

$query = "SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE BINARY column_name = 'search_value'";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);