How does caching with Apache work in PHP applications?

Caching with Apache in PHP applications can improve performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory to reduce the need for repeated database queries or expensive operations. This can be achieved by setting up caching directives in the Apache configuration file, such as using mod_expires to specify how long certain resources should be cached for.

// Enable caching for certain file types in Apache configuration file
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
    ExpiresActive On
    ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 week"
    ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 week"
</IfModule>