How can you optimize PHP code to avoid redundant output or confusion when including files?

To avoid redundant output or confusion when including files in PHP, you can use output buffering to capture the output of included files and then only display it when needed. This way, you can prevent any unintended output from being displayed multiple times or in the wrong place. 

<?php
ob_start(); // Start output buffering

// Include the file
include 'file.php';

$output = ob_get_clean(); // Get the output and clean the buffer

// Display the output only when needed
echo $output;
?>

Keywords

PHP code optimization file inclusion output confusion

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