How can you ensure that special characters (such as ß or ä,ü) are properly handled when importing a CSV file in PHP?

Special characters like ß or ä,ü can be mishandled when importing a CSV file in PHP due to encoding issues. To ensure these characters are properly handled, you can specify the encoding of the CSV file when reading it using PHP's `fgetcsv` function. You should use the `utf8_encode` function to convert the data to UTF-8 encoding if it's not already in that format. 

$filename = 'example.csv';
$handle = fopen($filename, 'r');

while (($data = fgetcsv($handle)) !== false) {
    // Convert data to UTF-8 encoding if needed
    $data = array_map('utf8_encode', $data);
    
    // Process the CSV data
    // ...
}

fclose($handle);

Keywords

CSV special characters encoding PHP UTF-8

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