How can you create a thumbnail from an image in PHP?

To create a thumbnail from an image in PHP, you can use the GD library functions to resize the image and save it as a new file. First, you need to load the original image using `imagecreatefromjpeg`, `imagecreatefrompng`, or `imagecreatefromgif`. Then, create a new image resource with the desired dimensions using `imagecreatetruecolor`. Finally, use `imagecopyresampled` to resize the original image and save the thumbnail using `imagejpeg`, `imagepng`, or `imagegif`.

// Load the original image
$originalImage = imagecreatefromjpeg('original.jpg');

// Get the dimensions of the original image
$originalWidth = imagesx($originalImage);
$originalHeight = imagesy($originalImage);

// Calculate the thumbnail dimensions (e.g., 100x100)
$thumbnailWidth = 100;
$thumbnailHeight = 100;

// Create a new image resource for the thumbnail
$thumbnailImage = imagecreatetruecolor($thumbnailWidth, $thumbnailHeight);

// Resize the original image to fit the thumbnail dimensions
imagecopyresampled($thumbnailImage, $originalImage, 0, 0, 0, 0, $thumbnailWidth, $thumbnailHeight, $originalWidth, $originalHeight);

// Save the thumbnail as a new image (e.g., thumbnail.jpg)
imagejpeg($thumbnailImage, 'thumbnail.jpg');

// Free up memory by destroying the image resources
imagedestroy($originalImage);
imagedestroy($thumbnailImage);