How can utilizing jQuery in conjunction with PHP introduce additional challenges with character encoding and what are some strategies for resolving them?

When utilizing jQuery in conjunction with PHP, character encoding issues may arise due to differences in how the two languages handle encoding. To resolve this, set the character encoding in both the PHP and HTML files to UTF-8 using the header() function in PHP and the meta tag in HTML.

header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8');