How can URL encoding be used in PHP to resolve issues with special characters in FTP usernames?

Special characters in FTP usernames can cause issues when trying to establish a connection using PHP's FTP functions. To resolve this, we can use URL encoding to properly encode the special characters in the FTP username before passing it to the FTP functions.

$ftpUsername = "special@user";
$encodedUsername = urlencode($ftpUsername);

// Connect to FTP server using the encoded username
$ftpConnection = ftp_connect("ftp.example.com");
ftp_login($ftpConnection, $encodedUsername, "password");