How can traits be effectively utilized in PHP to enhance code modularity and flexibility, particularly in scenarios where certain functionalities need to be dynamically overridden at runtime?

To enhance code modularity and flexibility in PHP, traits can be effectively utilized. Traits allow for code reuse in multiple classes without inheritance constraints, providing a way to mix in functionalities to different classes. In scenarios where certain functionalities need to be dynamically overridden at runtime, traits can be a powerful tool to achieve this flexibility. 

trait Logging {
    public function log($message) {
        echo $message;
    }
}

class BaseClass {
    use Logging;
    
    public function doSomething() {
        $this->log('Doing something...');
    }
}

class ExtendedClass {
    use Logging;
    
    public function doSomething() {
        $this->log('Doing something differently...');
    }
}

$base = new BaseClass();
$base->doSomething(); // Output: Doing something...

$extended = new ExtendedClass();
$extended->doSomething(); // Output: Doing something differently...

Keywords

traits PHP code modularity flexibility dynamic overriding

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