How can the user improve the efficiency of their database query in the provided code?

The user can improve the efficiency of their database query by using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection and optimize query execution. Prepared statements allow the database engine to parse, compile, and optimize the query once, then execute it multiple times with different parameters without recompilation. 

// Improved efficiency using prepared statements
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->execute(['username' => $username]);
$results = $stmt->fetchAll();

Keywords

SQL optimization indexing query caching prepared statements database normalization

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