How can the use of utf8_decode and utf8_encode functions impact the display of special characters in PHP applications?

When special characters are not displayed correctly in PHP applications, it may be due to encoding issues. The utf8_decode function can be used to convert UTF-8 encoded text to ISO-8859-1, which can help display special characters correctly. Conversely, the utf8_encode function can be used to convert ISO-8859-1 encoded text to UTF-8. 

// Fix special character display issue using utf8_decode
$utf8_encoded_text = "Special characters like ü and é";
$decoded_text = utf8_decode($utf8_encoded_text);

echo $decoded_text;

Keywords

utf8_decode utf8_encode special characters display PHP applications

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