How can the use of JavaScript be optimized to handle browser back button functionality in PHP applications?

To handle browser back button functionality in PHP applications, JavaScript can be used to detect when the user navigates back to a previous page and trigger the necessary actions to maintain the application state. This can be achieved by listening for the `popstate` event in JavaScript and making an AJAX request to fetch the appropriate data when the event is triggered.

// PHP code to handle browser back button functionality
<?php
// Check if the request is an AJAX request
if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) == 'xmlhttprequest') {
    // Handle the AJAX request to fetch the necessary data based on the URL
    $url = $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
    // Fetch data based on the URL and return it as JSON
    $data = fetchData($url);
    echo json_encode($data);
    exit;
}

// Function to fetch data based on the URL
function fetchData($url) {
    // Implement logic to fetch data based on the URL
    // Return the fetched data
}
?>