How can the syntax differences between MySQL/MariaDB and other database management systems impact the functionality and reliability of PHP scripts that interact with a database?

The syntax differences between MySQL/MariaDB and other database management systems can impact the functionality and reliability of PHP scripts by causing errors when executing queries. To mitigate this issue, it is recommended to use parameterized queries or an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) library that abstracts the database-specific syntax.

// Using parameterized queries to avoid syntax differences between database management systems
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->execute();