How can the separation of concerns between data validation and data manipulation be maintained effectively in PHP MVC applications?

To maintain the separation of concerns between data validation and data manipulation in PHP MVC applications, it is essential to use separate classes or methods for each task. Data validation should be handled in a dedicated validation class or method before passing the data to the model for manipulation. This ensures that each component of the application is responsible for a specific task, leading to cleaner and more maintainable code.

// Example of separating data validation and manipulation in PHP MVC

// Validation class
class Validator {
    public function validateData($data) {
        // Validation logic here
        return $validatedData;
    }
}

// Model class
class Model {
    public function manipulateData($data) {
        // Data manipulation logic here
        return $manipulatedData;
    }
}

// Controller
$validator = new Validator();
$model = new Model();

$validatedData = $validator->validateData($data);
$manipulatedData = $model->manipulateData($validatedData);