How can the separation of concerns between controller, model, and view be improved in the provided PHP code example?

The separation of concerns between controller, model, and view can be improved by implementing a design pattern such as MVC (Model-View-Controller). This involves clearly defining the responsibilities of each component: the model handles data manipulation, the view handles presentation, and the controller handles user input and business logic. By adhering to this pattern, the code becomes more organized, maintainable, and easier to understand. 

// Controller
class UserController {
    public function showUser($userId) {
        $user = new UserModel();
        $userData = $user->getUserData($userId);
        
        $view = new UserView();
        $view->renderUser($userData);
    }
}

// Model
class UserModel {
    public function getUserData($userId) {
        // Database query to fetch user data
        return $userData;
    }
}

// View
class UserView {
    public function renderUser($userData) {
        // Display user data in HTML format
    }
}

// Usage
$controller = new UserController();
$controller->showUser($userId);

Keywords

MVC design pattern encapsulation dependency injection template engine

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