How can the order of execution be controlled to ensure that database changes are visible before page refresh in PHP?

To ensure that database changes are visible before a page refresh in PHP, you can use transactions to control the order of execution. By starting a transaction before making changes to the database and committing the transaction after the changes are made, you can guarantee that the changes are applied before the page is refreshed.

// Start a transaction
$db->beginTransaction();

// Make changes to the database
$stmt = $db->prepare("UPDATE table SET column = :value");
$stmt->bindParam(':value', $value);
$stmt->execute();

// Commit the transaction
$db->commit();