How can the logic and functionality of PHP programs be maintained despite encountering unexpected outcomes during execution?

To maintain the logic and functionality of PHP programs despite encountering unexpected outcomes during execution, it is crucial to implement error handling techniques such as try-catch blocks. By using try-catch blocks, you can catch and handle exceptions that occur during runtime, preventing them from halting the program's execution. 

try {
    // PHP code that may throw an exception
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // Handle the exception, such as logging it or displaying a user-friendly error message
    echo 'An error occurred: ' . $e->getMessage();
}

Keywords

error handling exception handling debugging try-catch error reporting

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