How can the content of a page be reloaded without affecting the surrounding elements like banners or navigation bars in PHP?

When reloading the content of a page in PHP without affecting surrounding elements like banners or navigation bars, you can use AJAX to make a request to a specific PHP script that only returns the content you want to update. This way, you can dynamically refresh the content without reloading the entire page.

```php
// PHP script to handle AJAX request and return only the content to be updated

if(isset($_POST['content_to_update'])) {
    // Logic to retrieve and process the updated content
    $updatedContent = "This is the updated content";

    // Return the updated content
    echo $updatedContent;
}
```
This PHP script can be called using AJAX to update the content of a specific section on the page without affecting other elements.