How can the code be optimized to prevent potential errors and improve readability?

To optimize the code and prevent potential errors while improving readability, you can use proper variable names, comments, and indentation. Additionally, you can break down complex logic into smaller, more manageable functions.

// Original code
$u = $_POST['username'];
$p = $_POST['password'];

// Optimized code
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = $_POST['password'];