How can the character encoding mismatch between PHP output and MySQL database be addressed to ensure consistent display of special characters?

The character encoding mismatch between PHP output and MySQL database can be addressed by setting the character encoding to UTF-8 in both PHP and MySQL to ensure consistent display of special characters. This can be done by specifying the charset in the connection settings for MySQL and setting the default_charset to UTF-8 in PHP. 

// Set the character encoding for MySQL connection
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
$mysqli->set_charset("utf8");

// Set the default character encoding for PHP
ini_set('default_charset', 'UTF-8');

Keywords

PHP MySQL character encoding special characters consistency

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