How can the character encoding mismatch between the MySQL database and PHP application lead to display issues?

Character encoding mismatch between the MySQL database and PHP application can lead to display issues because the data retrieved from the database may not be displayed correctly due to incompatible character sets. To solve this issue, you can set the character set for the database connection in your PHP application to match the character set used in the MySQL database.

// Set the character set for the database connection
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
$mysqli->set_charset("utf8");

// Retrieve data from the database
$result = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM table");

// Display the data
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo $row['column_name'] . "<br>";
}