How can the appearance of unintended characters or elements in a PHP included file be resolved?

When unintended characters or elements appear in a PHP included file, it is likely due to whitespace or characters outside of the PHP tags. To resolve this, make sure that there is no whitespace before the opening <?php tag or after the closing ?> tag in the included file. Additionally, avoid any HTML or text outside of the PHP tags. 

&lt;?php
// Correct way to include a PHP file without unintended characters or elements
include &#039;included_file.php&#039;;
?&gt;

Keywords

PHP included file unintended characters encoding htmlspecialchars

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