How can SQL injection vulnerabilities be prevented when using user input in SQL queries in PHP?

SQL injection vulnerabilities can be prevented in PHP by using prepared statements with parameterized queries. This technique separates the SQL query from the user input, preventing malicious SQL code from being injected into the query. 

// Establish a database connection
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase", "username", "password");

// Prepare a SQL statement with a placeholder for user input
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");

// Bind the user input to the placeholder
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $_POST['username']);

// Execute the query
$stmt->execute();

// Fetch the results
$results = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

Keywords

SQL injection prepared statements parameterized queries PDO mysqli_real_escape_string

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