How can special characters like umlauts be properly displayed in alert boxes in PHP?

Special characters like umlauts can be properly displayed in alert boxes in PHP by using the `utf8_encode()` function to encode the string before displaying it in the alert box. This function converts the string to UTF-8 encoding, which supports special characters like umlauts.

<?php
$message = "Special characters like ümläuts can be properly displayed using utf8_encode()";
$encoded_message = utf8_encode($message);
echo "<script>alert('" . $encoded_message . "');</script>";
?>