How can special characters like single and double quotes impact the execution of MySQL queries in PHP?

Special characters like single and double quotes can cause syntax errors in MySQL queries when not properly escaped in PHP. To solve this issue, you can use the `mysqli_real_escape_string()` function to escape special characters before including them in the query.

// Assuming $conn is your database connection
$unsafe_data = "John's data"; // Contains a single quote
$safe_data = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn, $unsafe_data);

$query = "INSERT INTO table_name (column_name) VALUES ('$safe_data')";
mysqli_query($conn, $query);