How can setting the character encoding in the PHP file conflict with the character encoding in the database, leading to display issues?

Setting the character encoding in the PHP file to a different encoding than the one used in the database can lead to display issues such as garbled text or incorrect character rendering. To solve this issue, ensure that the character encoding specified in the PHP file matches the character encoding used in the database to ensure proper communication and display of data.

// Set the character encoding in the PHP file to match the database encoding
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
// Connect to the database with the correct character encoding
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase;charset=utf8', 'username', 'password');