How can race conditions be avoided when dealing with database transactions in PHP?

Race conditions in database transactions can be avoided by using locking mechanisms such as row-level locking or table-level locking. This ensures that only one transaction can access a particular row or table at a time, preventing conflicts that can arise when multiple transactions try to modify the same data simultaneously. 

// Begin a transaction
$pdo->beginTransaction();

// Lock the table to prevent race conditions
$pdo->exec('LOCK TABLES your_table WRITE');

// Perform database operations within the transaction
// For example, updating a row
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE your_table SET column = :value WHERE id = :id");
$stmt->execute(['value' => $newValue, 'id' => $rowId]);

// Commit the transaction
$pdo->commit();

// Release the lock
$pdo->exec('UNLOCK TABLES');

Keywords

race conditions database transactions PHP locking mechanisms concurrency control

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