How can PHP sessions be effectively utilized to manage user authentication and login systems?

To effectively manage user authentication and login systems using PHP sessions, you can store user credentials in session variables upon successful login and check these variables on protected pages to ensure only authenticated users can access them.

// Start the session
session_start();

// Check if user is logged in
if(isset($_SESSION['user_id'])){
    // User is logged in, allow access to protected content
} else {
    // Redirect user to login page
    header("Location: login.php");
    exit();
}