How can PHP security vulnerabilities be mitigated?

PHP security vulnerabilities can be mitigated by keeping the PHP version up to date, using secure coding practices, validating user input, escaping output data, and implementing proper access controls.

<?php
// Example of validating user input to prevent SQL injection
$username = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn, $_POST['username']);
$password = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn, $_POST['password']);

$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='$username' AND password='$password'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

// Rest of the code to handle the query result
?>