How can PHP scripts be optimized to handle data retrieval and display efficiently, especially in scenarios where real-time updates are required?

To optimize PHP scripts for efficient data retrieval and display, especially in scenarios requiring real-time updates, consider implementing caching mechanisms to reduce database queries and improve performance. Utilize techniques like query optimization, indexing, and pagination to streamline data retrieval. Additionally, consider asynchronous processing or using AJAX to handle real-time updates without blocking the main script execution.

// Example of implementing caching to improve data retrieval efficiency
$cacheKey = 'data_cache_key';
if ($cachedData = apc_fetch($cacheKey)) {
    // Use cached data
    echo $cachedData;
} else {
    // Retrieve data from the database
    $data = fetchDataFromDatabase();

    // Store data in cache for future use
    apc_store($cacheKey, $data, 3600); // Cache for 1 hour

    // Display data
    echo $data;
}

function fetchDataFromDatabase() {
    // Database query to retrieve data
    return $data;
}