How can PHP scripts be modified to work with stricter file permissions (e.g., 600 instead of 777/755) on a Ubuntu server?

PHP scripts can be modified to work with stricter file permissions on a Ubuntu server by ensuring that the files and directories being accessed have the appropriate permissions set. This can be done by changing the permissions of the files and directories to 600 (read and write only for the owner) instead of the less secure 777 or 755 permissions. Additionally, the PHP script itself can be modified to handle the stricter permissions by using functions like `chmod()` to set the permissions when creating or modifying files.

// Set file permissions to 600
$filename = 'file.txt';
$handle = fopen($filename, 'w');
fclose($handle);
chmod($filename, 0600);