How can PHP interact with external programs, such as a Visual Basic script, for specific tasks?

To interact with external programs like a Visual Basic script, you can use PHP's `exec()` function. This function allows you to execute commands on the server's command line. You can pass the path to the external program and any necessary arguments as parameters to the `exec()` function.

// Execute a Visual Basic script using PHP
$result = exec('C:\path\to\your\script.vbs');
echo $result;