How can PHP handle special characters like umlauts when processing email content?

When processing email content in PHP, special characters like umlauts can be handled by using the mbstring extension functions to properly encode and decode the content. This ensures that the email content is correctly displayed and interpreted by email clients.

// Set the character encoding to UTF-8
mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");

// Encode the email content
$email_content = "Äpfel und Birnen";
$encoded_content = mb_encode_mimeheader($email_content, "UTF-8");

// Decode the email content
$decoded_content = mb_decode_mimeheader($encoded_content);