How can PHP developers optimize their code for efficiency and readability, especially when dealing with complex queries and data manipulation?

To optimize PHP code for efficiency and readability when dealing with complex queries and data manipulation, developers can use techniques such as caching, indexing database tables, using prepared statements, and breaking down complex queries into smaller, more manageable parts. 

// Example of optimizing PHP code with prepared statements
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll();

Keywords

PHP optimization efficiency readability data manipulation

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