How can PHP developers ensure the scalability and performance of an email system built with PHP?

To ensure the scalability and performance of an email system built with PHP, developers can implement proper caching mechanisms, optimize database queries, use asynchronous processing for sending emails, and utilize load balancing techniques.

// Example of using caching to improve performance
$cache_key = 'email_template_' . $template_id;
$email_template = apc_fetch($cache_key);

if (!$email_template) {
    $email_template = get_email_template_from_database($template_id);
    apc_store($cache_key, $email_template, 3600); // Cache for 1 hour
}

// Use the $email_template to send the email
send_email($email_template, $recipient_email);