How can PHP developers ensure the robustness and flexibility of URL extraction logic, especially when dealing with different URL structures and query parameters?

To ensure the robustness and flexibility of URL extraction logic in PHP, developers can use built-in functions like `parse_url()` and `parse_str()` to handle different URL structures and query parameters. By properly parsing and validating the URL components, developers can ensure that their code can handle various types of URLs without breaking.

$url = "https://www.example.com/page?param1=value1&param2=value2";

$parsed_url = parse_url($url);

if(isset($parsed_url['query'])){
    parse_str($parsed_url['query'], $query_params);
    // Access query parameters using $query_params array
    echo $query_params['param1']; // Output: value1
    echo $query_params['param2']; // Output: value2
}