How can PHP developers ensure that the necessary permissions are set for external programs like pdftotext to execute properly?

PHP developers can ensure that the necessary permissions are set for external programs like pdftotext to execute properly by checking the permissions on the executable file and making sure it is executable by the PHP process. This can be done using the chmod function in PHP to set the appropriate permissions on the file before attempting to execute it.

// Set the permissions on the pdftotext executable file
$pdftotextPath = '/path/to/pdftotext';
chmod($pdftotextPath, 0755);

// Execute pdftotext command
$output = shell_exec("$pdftotextPath input.pdf output.txt");