How can PHP developers ensure scalability and efficiency when implementing a shop system with extensive product options?

To ensure scalability and efficiency when implementing a shop system with extensive product options, PHP developers can utilize caching mechanisms to reduce database queries, optimize code for performance, and implement pagination for large datasets.

// Example code snippet for implementing pagination in PHP
$page = isset($_GET['page']) ? $_GET['page'] : 1;
$items_per_page = 10;
$offset = ($page - 1) * $items_per_page;

// Query to fetch products with pagination
$query = "SELECT * FROM products LIMIT $offset, $items_per_page";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);

// Display products
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['product_name'] . "<br>";
}

// Pagination links
$total_pages = ceil($total_items / $items_per_page);
for ($i = 1; $i <= $total_pages; $i++) {
    echo "<a href='shop.php?page=$i'>$i</a> ";
}