How can PHP developers ensure efficient and effective database query handling to avoid unnecessary load on the server?

To ensure efficient and effective database query handling in PHP, developers can use techniques such as optimizing queries, using indexes, caching query results, and avoiding unnecessary queries. This helps reduce the load on the server and improves overall performance.

// Example of optimizing a query by selecting only necessary columns and using indexes
$query = "SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE status = 'active'";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);

// Example of caching query results to avoid unnecessary queries
if ($result) {
    $rows = mysqli_fetch_all($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);
    
    // Cache the query results for future use
    $cacheKey = 'active_users';
    $cache->set($cacheKey, $rows);
} else {
    echo "Error executing query: " . mysqli_error($connection);
}