How can PHP developers ensure data consistency when working with multiple tables in a database?

When working with multiple tables in a database, PHP developers can ensure data consistency by using transactions. Transactions allow developers to perform a series of database operations as a single unit, ensuring that either all operations are completed successfully or none of them are. This helps maintain data integrity and prevents inconsistencies in the database. 

// Start a transaction
$pdo->beginTransaction();

try {
    // Perform multiple database operations within the transaction
    $pdo->query("INSERT INTO table1 (column1) VALUES ('value1')");
    $pdo->query("INSERT INTO table2 (column2) VALUES ('value2')");

    // Commit the transaction if all operations are successful
    $pdo->commit();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // Rollback the transaction if any operation fails
    $pdo->rollBack();
    echo "Transaction failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}

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