How can PHP developers ensure compatibility with various languages and characters when using UTF-8 encoding in their applications?

To ensure compatibility with various languages and characters when using UTF-8 encoding in PHP applications, developers can set the internal character encoding to UTF-8 using the `mb_internal_encoding()` function. Additionally, they can use the `mb_convert_encoding()` function to convert strings to UTF-8 when needed. 

// Set internal character encoding to UTF-8
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');

// Convert string to UTF-8
$utf8_string = mb_convert_encoding($string, 'UTF-8', 'auto');

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