How can PHP developers ensure code readability and maintainability when outputting complex HTML structures?

To ensure code readability and maintainability when outputting complex HTML structures in PHP, developers can use a templating engine like Twig. Twig separates the logic from the presentation, making it easier to manage and update the HTML code. By using Twig, developers can create reusable templates, reduce redundancy, and improve the overall organization of their code.

// Using Twig for complex HTML structures
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';

$loader = new \Twig\Loader\FilesystemLoader('templates');
$twig = new \Twig\Environment($loader);

$data = [
    'title' => 'Hello, World!',
    'items' => ['item1', 'item2', 'item3']
];

echo $twig->render('complex_template.twig', $data);