How can PHP developers effectively troubleshoot and debug MySQL query issues in their PHP applications?

To effectively troubleshoot and debug MySQL query issues in PHP applications, developers can use tools like phpMyAdmin to run and test queries directly, check for error messages returned by MySQL, enable query logging in MySQL to track query execution, and use PHP functions like mysqli_error() to capture and display any errors encountered during query execution.

// Example code snippet to troubleshoot and debug MySQL query issues in PHP
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 1";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);

if (!$result) {
    echo "Error: " . mysqli_error($connection);
} else {
    while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
        // Process the query results
    }
}

mysqli_close($connection);