How can PHP developers effectively test and debug their code for text output to ensure accuracy and efficiency?

To effectively test and debug PHP code for text output, developers can use tools like var_dump() or print_r() to display the values of variables and arrays. They can also use echo statements to output specific text or variables at different stages of the code execution. Additionally, using error_reporting(E_ALL) at the beginning of the script can help identify any errors or warnings that may need to be addressed.

<?php

// Example code snippet demonstrating the use of var_dump() and echo for testing and debugging

$variable = "Hello, world!";
var_dump($variable);

echo "This is a test message.";

?>