How can PHP developers effectively retrieve and store data from a database while maintaining the relationship between different data fields?

To effectively retrieve and store data from a database while maintaining relationships between different data fields, PHP developers can use SQL queries with JOIN clauses to fetch related data from multiple tables. They can also use foreign keys to establish and maintain relationships between tables in the database.

// Example of retrieving data with relationships using SQL JOIN
$query = "SELECT users.id, users.name, orders.order_id, orders.total_amount 
          FROM users 
          JOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);

// Example of storing data with relationships using foreign keys
$query = "CREATE TABLE users (
          id INT PRIMARY KEY,
          name VARCHAR(50)
          );
          CREATE TABLE orders (
          order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
          total_amount DECIMAL(10, 2),
          user_id INT,
          FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
          )";
mysqli_query($connection, $query);