How can PHP developers effectively manage and troubleshoot issues related to URL encoding and decoding in their applications?

URL encoding and decoding issues can be effectively managed and troubleshooted by using PHP's built-in functions urlencode() and urldecode(). When passing data through URLs, it is important to properly encode the data using urlencode() to ensure special characters are correctly handled. When receiving encoded data, use urldecode() to decode it back to its original form.

// Encoding data before passing it through a URL
$data = "Hello, world!";
$encoded_data = urlencode($data);

// Decoding data received from a URL
$decoded_data = urldecode($encoded_data);

echo $encoded_data; // Output: Hello%2C+world%21
echo $decoded_data; // Output: Hello, world!