How can PHP developers effectively handle communication between controllers in an HMVC architecture, especially in scenarios where inner controllers need to influence outer controllers?

In an HMVC architecture, PHP developers can effectively handle communication between controllers by using events or observers to allow inner controllers to influence outer controllers. By implementing a publish-subscribe pattern, inner controllers can trigger events that outer controllers can listen to and react accordingly. This decouples the controllers and allows for better separation of concerns. 

// Inner controller triggering an event
class InnerController {
    public function doSomething() {
        // Trigger an event
        Event::trigger('inner_event', $data);
    }
}

// Outer controller listening to the event
class OuterController {
    public function __construct() {
        // Subscribe to the event
        Event::subscribe('inner_event', [$this, 'handleEvent']);
    }

    public function handleEvent($data) {
        // Handle the event triggered by inner controller
    }
}

// Event class implementing publish-subscribe pattern
class Event {
    private static $subscribers = [];

    public static function subscribe($event, $callback) {
        self::$subscribers[$event][] = $callback;
    }

    public static function trigger($event, $data) {
        if (isset(self::$subscribers[$event])) {
            foreach (self::$subscribers[$event] as $callback) {
                call_user_func($callback, $data);
            }
        }
    }
}

Keywords

HMVC architecture PHP controllers communication inner controllers outer controllers

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