How can PHP developers effectively debug and troubleshoot issues related to array manipulation and sorting, especially when dealing with complex data structures or algorithms?

When debugging array manipulation and sorting issues in PHP, developers can use built-in functions like var_dump() or print_r() to inspect the contents of arrays at different stages of the code. They can also use tools like Xdebug for more advanced debugging capabilities. Additionally, breaking down complex algorithms into smaller, testable parts can help identify where issues may be occurring.

// Example code snippet for debugging array manipulation and sorting in PHP
$data = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3];

// Display the original array
var_dump($data);

// Sort the array
sort($data);

// Display the sorted array
var_dump($data);